The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. It appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case. Rachel M. Gunter further places the Ferguson impeachment in the context of the suffrage movement. Almost a century later, the impeachment of Ferguson by the Texas House of Representatives presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing Hall saga. And here, Ferguson made his second blunder. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. His mother continued to live on the farm, and he began working in the fields as a young boy. He later ran anyway, claiming that he had resigned before he was convicted. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. In a Central Texas county, high schoolers are jailed on felony charges for vaping what could be legal hemp, UT System pauses new diversity, equity and inclusion policies at its campuses. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. The Regents refused. Ma Ferguson was elected as Govenor or Texas in 1925 and in 1933. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. Please subscribe to keep reading. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. He was kicked out of a local prep school, Salado College, at age 12 for misbehavior. . Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing saga involving University of Texas System Regent Wallace Hall. The Senate found Ferguson guilty on five charges relating to mishandling of public funds and abuse of power in relation to the university. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. James Edward (Pa) Ferguson (1871-1944), Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. The legislature passed generous appropriation bills, and the ad valorem tax rate reached the constitutional maximum of thirty-five cents. Animals talk; all you have to do is listen. For Trey and Carol South, love of animals feeds their souls, and clients are assured their pets . Title 6, Chapter 665 of the Texas Government Code addresses the impeachment and removal of public officers by the state house. Carrillospent three years in a federal penitentiary. James Ferguson was a banker from Temple who would become governor in 1914 - famous, or infamous, as the only Texas governor to face impeachment. It appears that neither governor was brought to trial. Her most recent publications include contributions to Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History. In 1917, Gov. He said the governor served the people, but he used the power of the office to reward his friends and crush not just his political enemies, but good servants of the state whose only offense was not voting for him. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. State executives | As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. "In light of the fundamental role attorneys play, it would lead to an absurd result were it criminal for an official to provide student records to his or her attorney in the face of litigation, or anticipated litigation, involving these records," Philip Hilder wrote in the report. The Court of Impeachment, by a vote of twenty-five to three, removed Ferguson from office and made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the state of Texas. Five concerned the misapplication of public funds, three related to his quarrel with the university, one declared that he had failed properly to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state, and one charged that he had received $156,500 ($2.9 million in todays dollars) from a source he refused to reveal. 23 Feb. 2023 . FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. Ferguson was indicted on charges including embezzlement while Carillo spent three years in jail following his impeachment. Sam Houston You have permission to edit this article. In 1922 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. He moved to Temple and in 1907 joined with others in establishing the Temple State Bank. He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. "[14], An effort was begun in June 2013 to try and impeach Hall from his position as regent. The House sent 21 articles of impeachment to the Senate. The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. Gulf of Mexico warming at faster rate than global ocean, study finds, As Texas STAAR test goes fully online, teachers feel defeated, Texas Education Agency projects confidence, Texas Standard for Feb. 23, 2023: Why many cotton farmers arent planting as much this year. Johnson Roofing built a business on topping off buildings, but when it comes to its legacy, Bill Johnson and daughter Sherri focus on the foundation. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. When Vinson refused to fire the professors, Ferguson went after the Board of Regents to get them to do his bidding. After he was appointed in 2011, Hall began looking into what he believed to be clout scandals within the University of Texas system. School districts | Jessica Brannon-Wranosky is the Distinguished Professor of Digital Humanities and History at Texas A&M UniversityCommerce. He posted bond and wasted no time in announcing his candidacy for a third term as governor. Ferguson made bond of $13,000 and announced his candidacy for a third term as governor. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly contested race. If the Senate is not in session, there are four ways by which it may be convened.[7]. Impeachment is the process by which the legislative branch has the authority to remove a sitting public official. He is the author, coauthor, or editor of more than two dozen books, most recently Anti-Black Violence in Twentieth-Century Texas. [4], In Texas, two officials have been successfully impeached -- Governor James Ferguson in 1917 and Judge O.P. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. Though he had signed legislation creating three new. [10][11] However, a letter from University chancellor Francisco Cigarroa in February 2014 said that Hall likely requested fewer than 100,000 pages. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the board of regents fire them. The account said Ferguson accused the student protesters of committing treason against him. The founders did not invent impeachment. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. | Has Austin Eliminated All Restrictions On People Experiencing Homelessness? No. After all, he was known as Farmer Jim. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. Before the process could be completed, Ferguson resigned from office, contending that the legislative action against him was a kangaroo court. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. James E. Ferguson Called on Tejanos to rise up/support the revolution; Called on other minorities to join Tejanos to carve out a republic from land US took from Mexico US Pancho Villa Mexican guerilla leader led an attack on Columbus NM (Mar. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. He claimed to be a successful businessman; he was not. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. The second was state District Judge OliveroCarrilloin 1976, who was impeached for income tax fraud. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. And she won. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. And this current flap is far from over. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers), and judges. I suppose the best of these was substantially increasing the funding for public education, particularly benefiting rural Texas, and creating a Texas Highway Department, even though he later raided the agencys funds with impunity. This might sound like the controversy involving UT System Regent Wallace Hall, an appointee of Gov. Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. In 1920 he was an unsuccessful candidate for President on his own American party ticket. youngest governor in Texas history. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. He was re-elected in 1916. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . Dictionary of American History. Connally, John Bowden, Jr. Aside from the act instituting the highway department, the second Ferguson administration was marked by little in the way of important legislation. He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. If the state legislature is not in regular session during the time of impeachment, a special session can be called specifically to handle impeachments. The landholdings of the prison system were greatly increased, and because of the rising price of farm commodities, the system became self-sustaining; during the years of war prosperity, it showed a profit. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. [2], Impeachments have historically been reserved for cases in which a public official committed a criminal act. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. [6] They had two daughters: Ouida Wallace Ferguson, and Dorrace Watt Ferguson. Ferguson then went on a tour of Texas, voicing his disdain for the university and what he called the university crowd in public speeches. Governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority of the members of the Senate. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and banking. Jim Ferguson so enormously popular 100 years ago. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. He left home at sixteen and wandered for two years through the states of the Far West, where he lived by accepting any employment offered. As a political speaker he had few equals. Millions of Texans have rare diseases. The Arizona House and Senate impeached Mecham, a Republican, in 1988 after a state grand jury convicted him on six felony charges of fraud, perjury and filing false documents. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. Even his former political allies couldn't find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence - and his own indefensible behavior. [20], A January 2014 review by the law firm Hilder & Associates concluded that there was "no credible evidence of a violation of [the state government code] that would warrant a referral for criminal prosecution." Ferguson, a political novice, suffered from the lack of a viable power-base. Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. State and local courts | He had attempted to stack the board of regents with friends who would help fire these professors and staffers, and he had called for the resignation of the universitys president, Robert Vinson. [10], After being re-elected in 1916, Ferguson vetoed the appropriations for the University of Texas. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. The anti-prohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an anti-prohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. Although he had never held office, he was not a stranger to political problems; he had done much work in keeping local-option prohibition from Bell County, had been one of the Bell County managers in the campaign of Robert L. Henry for Congress in 1902, had helped carry Bell County for Cone Johnson in his contest with Joseph Weldon Bailey in 1908, had served as a campaign manager for Robert V. Davidson in 1910, and had aided Oscar B. Colquitt in his successful gubernatorial campaign (1912). The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. The accusations, apparently true, were typical of the corruption, graft, and manipulations of American public life. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. James Ferguson. In her first term, Miriam Ma Ferguson, as she was known, had a law passed that gave amnesty to all Texas officials formerly impeached. [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. Even his former political allies couldnt find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence and his own indefensible behavior. His father died when he was 4. by Nicole Shealy The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. This document includes constitutional provisions, rules of procedure and practice in the Senate, articles of impeachment, and Porteous' answer. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, Elementary school music teacher leaves $6M to Baylor, Former NFL star Chad Johnson says he saved money by living inside Cincinnati Bengals stadium for 2 years, Mike Copeland: Steak and Ale comeback; Paper plant progress; Bagby apartments; Gaines Booked Up, Lake on Waco Creek floated for park next to Floyd Casey development, Whizzbang's owner buys Health Camp with eye to preserving burger joint legacy, Waco Charter School to close after summer classes, Sheriff names man found dead of apparent gunshot in Golinda, La Vega, Fairfield girls know the way to San Antone, clinching state trips, Brothers continue dad's clear legacy at Freddy's Glass, Brice Cherry: Collen pushes all the right buttons in her best coaching performance yet, Olympic-winning pole vaulter, pastor Bob Richards dies at 97, The GOAT of tennis families lives in Groesbeck. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. Bruce Rutherford, The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson (Austin: Eakin Press, 1983). Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. Bruce A. Glasrud is professor emeritus of history at California State University, East Bay, and retired dean of the School of Arts and Sciences at Sul Ross State University. Some have said Hall is being targeted for uncovering evidence of political favoritism with respect to admissions processes.[6]. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Fergusons political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, womens enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one politician. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. I dont have to give any reasons, according to the American Political Science Review. Copyright 2022 Coordinating Council for Women in History. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still very popular among his hard-core supporters and rallied back. That committee has been holding a series of meetings in late 2013. The first and only Texas governor to be impeached is Governor James "Pa" Ferguson. He left home at 16, traveling and taking odd jobs until he returned to farm in Bell County. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. James Ferguson died on September 21, 1944, and was buried in the State Cemetery in Austin. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. Laws governing impeachment in Texas are governed by Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. (b. Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. He was associated with the Farmers State Bank of Belton for several years and was a member of the Texas Bankers Association. Elected in 1914 and re-elected in 1916, he faced 21 articles of impeachment and resigned during the trial in the Senate on September 24, 1917, one day before the Senate voted to remove him from office and disqualify him from holding office again. 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