Rwanda and Uganda continue to be involved in related conflicts outside the region. The Eastern, or Great, Rift Valley extends from the Red Seas junction with the Gulf of Aden southward across the highlands of Ethiopia and Kenya and continues on into Tanzania. It is narrow, swift and strong. In 1890, beginning with the purchase of the small port town of (Asseb) from a local sultan in Eritrea, the Italians colonized all of Eritrea. Coverage of the regions physical and human geography can be found in the article Africa. Djibouti, as well as the Puntland and Somaliland regions of Somalia, have also seen relative stability. Because of offshore islands, better landing places, and wetter climate, Arab traders from about 700 seem to have preferred the East African coast to the south of modern Somalia. Klemetti, E. (2020), Are we seeing a new ocean starting . Out here in the deep blue waters, the fin indeed belongs to a blue shark, swimming just below the surface. WWF also facilitated the organization of local fishing communities and helped build their capacity to combat illegal fishing, create alternative sources of income, and implement environmental education programs. The spread of ironworking and the Bantu migrations, The chieftainships of the southern savanna, https://www.britannica.com/place/eastern-Africa. This little piece of heaven is very popular for honeymoons and romantic breaks. The water temperature right now is at least 32F and at most 85F. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Paanchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." This benefits local people who rely on the forest for their livelihoods and frees up resources for the governments to improve local education and health infrastructure. Overfishing, coastal development, pollution, the unknown consequences of climate change, and more immediate effects of shark finning and manta ray poaching are some of the most threatening concerns. Oxford: University Press. The Republic of Venice had gained control over much of the trade routes between Europe and Asia. These resources must be managed sustainably to ensure their future. The region has endured the following post-colonial conflicts: Kenya has enjoyed relatively stable governance. The Atlantic is, generally speaking, S-shaped and narrow in relation . The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean. The three main colors of the African country were beige, red, and blue. This article covers the history of the area from ancient times through the 20th century. The largest numbers of Nilo-Saharan speakers belong to the Luo, Lango, Kalenjin, Maasai, and Karimojong peoples, while the principal Bantu-speaking ethnic groups are the Kikuyu, Chaga, and Kamba. WWF strives to ensure that local people benefit from economic opportunities that come with new tourism enterprises. The volcanic massif of Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, reaches 19,340 feet (5,895 metres) in northeastern Tanzania. Nilotic languages, such as Luo, Kalenjin, Maasai and Nuer, are spoken in lesser numbers, primarily in the African Great Lakes and Nile Valley. [51] The Swahili culture that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many Afro-Arab members of the Bantu Swahili people. WWF works with local communities, governments and industry to create awareness and appreciation for the connection between nature and people. Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda have each faced instability and ethnic conflict since independence, most notably the 1994 Rwandan genocide and the 1993 Burundi genocide and subsequent Burundian Civil War. The amount of water being transported by the Agulhas . This warm water current runs south along the east coast of southern Africa from ~25S to 40S, and is the Western Boundary Current of the South Indian Ocean. [76][77][78], South Sudan peacefully seceded from the Sudan in 2011, six and a half years after a peace agreement ended the Second Sudanese Civil War. In fact, a 2015 study published in Geophysical Research Letters showed that by closely watching these tropical disturbances off the coast of western Africa, researchers . By the 5th/11th century the Indian Ocean trade had shifted to the ports at the head of the Persian Gulf, in particular K and Hormoz (Ricks, pp. A much more vigorous resistance was offered by the Moors of Mombasa. The Gulf Stream, paired with the eastern . Starting in the 1850s, the small protectorate of Djibouti became French Somaliland in 1897. WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. East Africa's Coral Refuge is a critical source of food and livelihoods for people all across Kenya and Tanzania. The most important site of this period yet to have been found is at Manda, near Lamu, on the Kenyan coast. Visit Africa's Gold Coast on the Atlantic Ocean, including Ghana and Senegal, and make a stop at the tropical Cape Verde islands. They dubbed the part of the coast to which they sailed Azania, or the Land of Zanjby which they meant the land of the blacks and by which they knew it until the 10th century. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. The 2000 population is expected to quintuple over the course of the 21st century, to 1.6billion as of 2100 (UN estimates as of 2017). Please click on this logo for more information. Washington, DC 20037. Workers pulling onions by the Mbarali River, Tanzania. 100 km wide), swift (up to 3 m/s) and deep (2 km). At this stage, the Portuguese presence in East Africa served the purposes of controlling trade within the Indian Ocean and securing the sea routes linking Europe to Asia. We also introduced a new program of raising goats and offered improved husbandry techniques to reduce the animals impact on vegetation and crops. Kilwa Kisiwani, located on the southern coast of modern-day Tanzania, is a prime example of how city-states in Africa developed and became wealthy while maintaining autonomous rule. Here's a small sample of Africa's best beaches. I was swimming slowly after it, blacking out the background to highlight its vivid colours. ~ Peet J. van Eeden, ? Established 1991, BEST SAFARI PRICES The Glorioso Islands are a small atoll in the Indian Ocean off East Africa, near Madagascar, part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands. Fig. The park is Africas largest marine protected arearich with coral reefs, dugongs, dolphins, marine turtles, whales, sharks and hundreds of species of fish. Wildlife crime networks are using more sophisticated weapons and techniques to obtain ivory, such as automatic rifles and helicopters. The earliest written accounts of the East African coast occur in the Periplus Maris Erythraeiapparently written by a Greek merchant living in Egypt in the second half of the 1st century ceand in Ptolemys Guide to Geography, the East African section of which, in its extant form, probably represents a compilation of geographic knowledge available at Byzantium about 400. WWF and partners have helped fishermen create a sustainable oyster harvesting system, resulting in increased profits and yield. Today they are still used across the Indian Ocean to carry merchandise such as fruits, water, or spices. (RSA) +27 (87) 551-8105 In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. From the 1840s, cameras traced the international migrations of traders, sailors, sons, and daughters through Indian Ocean ports, continuing trade that dates back over five millennia. Roland Oliver, et al. Weather extremes also severely threaten the regions traditional livelihoods of farming and fishing. The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Eastern Africa, 16001800 A.D. Humanities LibreTexts - East Africa and the Horn of Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - East Africa, Ugandan lawmaker introduces new anti-LGBTQ legislation, French court to rule on TotalEnergies' east Africa projects, Jill Biden sees East Africa drought up close, seeks more aid, Kenya labor court rules that Facebook can be sued. [44] The old kingdom's first mention dates to the 25th century BCE. Over a period of many centuries, most hunting-foraging peoples were displaced and absorbed by incoming Bantu communities, as well as by later Nilotic communities. The wildlife of East Africa is quite extraordinary, and a cruise can be easily combined with a Kenyan or Tanzanian safari. A map drawn in Spain dated 1375, showing the king of Mali holding a gold nugget. On the east coast of Africaat the western edge of the Indian Oceanlies a narrow strip of land that has hosted travelers for thousands of years. Location: Africa Consequently there has been much contact over the past two thousand years among the peoples who inhabit its shores. Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. Logging also opens up previously inaccessible forests to poachers and illegal wildlife traders. Lake Niassa is located in Mozambique and shares borders with Malawi and Tanzania. The Omani presence continued in Zanzibar and Pemba until the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964. By 2050, there could be more plastic than fish in the seas by weight, according to one estimate. It is observed by the authors of three 2018 studies on the site, that the evidence of these behaviors is approximately contemporary to the earliest known Homo sapiens fossil remains from Africa (such as at Jebel Irhoud and Florisbad), and they suggest that complex and modern behaviors had already begun in Africa around the time of the emergence of Homo sapiens. A healthy reef with an abundance of life in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), The life-sustaining benefits of rainforest to our planet is more commonly known than those provided by a healthy ocean, but in fact, the ocean contributes even more and I wanted to capture a photo conveying this message. (2009 est.) Villagers found that the small no-take zones that allowed fish stocks to rebound also produced an abundance of oysters. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Source: British Library. The east African island map will guide you through Madagascar which is situated off the coast of Mozambique. WWF has also helped community fishing councils gain authority to combat illegal fishing in the reserve. As the island is ring-fenced by one of the largest unbroken barrier reefs in the world, scuba diving here is a magical experience. It must be a long-term collective commitment to protecting what connects us - our ocean. Between 2500 and 3000 years ago, Bantu-speaking peoples began a millennia-long series of migrations eastward from their homeland around southern Cameroon. The subregion stretches from Eritrea in the north to Mozambique in the south. Within this region, WWF works in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique and the western part of the Indian Ocean. Precipitation also is affected by varying elevation: Uganda, Tanzania, and western Kenya receive plentiful rainfall, while Somalia, eastern Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya receive far less. A humpback whale breaches in the waters by Nosy Boraha Island (le Sainte-Marie), Madagascar Gudkov Andrey (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), ? Atlantic Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. The East African Islands are in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. 1250 24th Street, N.W. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [70] In 1922, the British gained a League of Nations mandate over Tanganyika which it administered until Independence was granted to Tanganyika in 1961. Eastern Africa region The Nairobi Convention A: Overview The Western Indian Ocean region is characterised by high biodiversity, both in terms of species and ecosystems, with a young and growing human population, especially in coastal urban centres. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. The geography of East Africa is often stunning and scenic. In Tanzania, WWF works with partners to help improve lives and protect wildlife through the creation of Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs)communal lands where local communities participate in the management of wildlife and resources. West of the Rwenzoris and Ethiopian highlands, the rainfall pattern is more typically tropical, with rain throughout the year near the equator and a single wet season in most of the Ethiopian Highlands from June to September contracting to July and August around Asmara. However, all is not lost as marine reserves around the globe have proven what a remarkable recovery the marine ecosystem can make if given full protection. Africa borders on both the North and South Atlantic, from roughly the location of Cape Town to Gibraltar. The Periplus Maris Erythraei. And four species of commercially important tunabigeye, albacore, yellowfin and skipjackare found here. Photo Galleries, Photographer of the Year, TRAVEL & CONSERVATION COMPANY Each year, tons of flip. By 1896, the war had become a total disaster for the Italians and Ethiopia was able to retain its independence. Arab governance of all the major ports along the Swahili coast continued until British interests aimed particularly at ending the slave trade and creation of a wage-labour system began to put pressure on Omani rule. Chami, Felix A. Princeton, Princeton University Press. 293,654,000. A dense concentration of box jellyfish in the Atlantic Ocean, Cape Town, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Semi-finalist), In 2016, I published a photo of an unusual and yet to be described behaviour displayed by box jellyfish. [72] In the video games Halo 2 and Halo 3, East Africa is one of the central locations for the campaigns.[73]. Some geologists studying the Canary Islands predict that the western side of a volcano eventually will slide off into the ocean, sending a 300-foot high wave of liquid destruction our way. Warming seawaters threaten the incredible diversity associated with the regions coral reefs, leading to die-offs from bleaching. (1999). The Dragonfly Sea (2019) by Kenyan author Yvonne Owuor follows the story of a protagonist named Ayaana on the island of Pate. The climate of East Africa is rather atypical of equatorial regions. To provide further sources of incomeand also serve as markers for property boundariesWWF helped incorporate citrus trees. The Kiunga Marine National Reserve in Kenya supports the world's largest breeding colony of roseate terns. Whales, dolphins, dugongs and whale sharks inhabit these Indian Ocean waters. Along the beaches and within coral reefs and seagrass beds, five species of marine turtles nest and feed: green turtle, hawksbill, olive ridley, loggerhead and leatherback. These city-states built connections to the rest of the world while maintaining cultural, political, and economic connections with each other. 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