The balance (around 7 percent) consists of less frequently listed languages, ranging from Sindhi to Santali. New immigrant arrivals have fallen, mainly due to a decrease in the number of unauthorized immigrants coming to the U.S. Diwali and Holi are largely celebrated by Hindus, while very few non-Muslims commemorate Eid. Give Orange. As one might expect, the composition of respondents social networks varies by their birthplace. By the 1980s, Mexicans became the nation's largest immigrant group; by 2013, they were the largest immigrant group in 33 states. the United States issues immigration visas to 2 . Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go. To what extent does the community exhibit signs of shared solidarity, and are there signs of division as the group grows in number and diversity? Although a large proportion are not U.S. citizens (38 percent), roughly 2.6 million are (1.4 million are naturalized citizens and 1.2 million were born in the United States). Still others reject hyphenation entirely, preferring to be known simply as American. For instance, former Louisiana governor Bobby Jindal declared in 2015, I do not believe in hyphenated Americans. In the same exchange, Biden later added: One of the reasons why were such an incredible country is were such a diverse country. Respondents were allowed to skip questions save for important demographic questions that determined the nature of other survey items. What is also striking is how relatively small the differences are between respondents who identify with a caste versus those who do not. Given that there are many more Indian Americans who are Hindu in the IAAS sampleand the fact that nearly half of Christians and Muslims report that all or most of their friends share their religionthis means that both Christians and Muslims have substantially more religious homophily, relative to Hindus. Give Orange. Yet these views vary starkly by political affiliation. He is the author of When Crime Pays: Money and Muscle in Indian Politics and hosts a weekly Carnegie podcast on Indian politics and policy, Grand Tamasha. In a complex, changing, and increasingly contested world, the Carnegie Endowment generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and safeguard peace. Interestingly, among foreign-born respondents, twice as many men (20 percent) have a spouse of non-Indian origin compared to women (10 percent), but the gap more than disappears among those born in the United States: while 27 percent of men have a spouse of non-Indian origin, this rises to 31 percent among women. Finally, the survey examines the identity of the person(s) responsible for engaging in discriminatory behavior. While 86 percent of Hindus report identifying with some kind of Indian identity, 71 percent of Christians and 52 percent of Muslims do the same. Sign up for notifications from Insider! Lawful immigrants made up the majority of the immigrant workforce, at 21.2 million. Of course, many Indian Americansirrespective of citizenshipremain tied to India thanks to direct family connections. In addition, the survey asks respondents whether, in the last twelve months, they have personally felt discriminated against. Pew Research Center estimates indicate that in 2065, those who identify as Asian will make up some 38% of all immigrants; as Hispanic, 31%; White, 20%; and Black, 9%. Data from the ACS show that the share of married couple households in the community is 50 percent greater than the U.S. average.20 In the IAAS sample, 66 percent of respondents were married or in a domestic partnership. This section reviews two aspects of the social context within which Indian Americans operate. Migration Policy Institute tabulation of data from theU.S. Census Bureau's pooled 2009-2013American Community Survey. Other popular home states include Delhi (9 percent), Punjab (8 percent), and Kerala (7 percent). And to what extent are these differences being driven by political polarization in the country of origin (in this case, India)? The reverse is true when it comes to identifying as Indian: the majority of Indian Americans who have lived in the United States between one and ten years (54 percent) feel most comfortable with this term, while that share declines to just 21 percent for those here for more than twenty-five years. Respondents for this survey were recruited from an existing panel administered by YouGov. 34 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?, 2022. What do the social networks of Indian Americans look like? This project has been reviewed and approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board (Protocol #843855). While U.S.-born women gave birth to more than 3 million children that year, immigrant women gave birth to about 760,000. Most of these children are native-born themselves. The next largest origin groups were those from China (6%), India (6%), the Philippines (4%) and El Salvador (3%). 4 Sanjoy Chakravorty, Devesh Kapur, and Nirvikar Singh, The Other One Percent: Indians in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017). Contributing financially to campaigns (14 percent), contacting an elected representative or government official (12 percent), and volunteering on a political campaign (9 percent) are less popular activities.36, As with civic engagement, U.S.-born citizens are the most engaged, followed by foreign-born citizens and non-citizens (see figure 15). However, the major distinction has to do with the intensity of this feeling, exemplified by the sharp difference in the share of respondents who report being very comfortable with friends of the opposite faith: 52 percent of Hindus are very comfortable having close Muslim friends, while 46 percent of Muslims are very comfortable having close Hindu friends. To a certain extent, however, many of these factors are inseparable. The immigrant population in the United States is extraordinarily diverse, with immigrants hailing from almost every nation. Most immigrants (77%) are in the country legally, while almost a quarter are unauthorized, according to new Pew Research Center estimates based on census data adjusted for undercount. She studies misinformation, media effects, and political behavior and employs survey and experimental methods in her work. The data for this study are based on an original online surveythe IAASof 1,200 Indian American U.S. residents conducted by YouGov between September 1 and September 20, 2020. As the number and/or concentration of Indian Americans in a geography increases, one might expect that respondents social networks might become more insular. A majority of Hindus (52 percent) report attending religious services once or twice a month or just a few times a year, while another 25 percent report seldom or never attending religious services. These data suggest that the vast majority of the Indian immigrant population in the United States were already highly educated prior to arriving in the country. While we are grateful to all of our collaborators, any errors found in this study are entirely the authors. This final section examines how respondents relate to the Indian American community. While the former report that a slightly higher share of their social network comprises people of the same caste, if one sets aside the dont know responses, the relative differences between caste identifiers and non-identifiers is marginal. Another 6 percent were born in either Bangladesh or Pakistan. Immigrants often import social norms from their home countries to their newly adopted homes. The IAAS asks respondents how they self-identify; after all, identities are liminal and individuals might identify with any number of identity categories. See Doug Rivers, Pew Research: YouGov Consistently Outperforms Competitors on Accuracy, YouGov, May 13, 2016, https://today.yougov.com/topics/finance/articles-reports/2016/05/13/pew-research-yougov. 45 Carroll Doherty, Which Party is More to Blame for Political Polarization? Indian Americans are the second-largest immigrant group in the United States. Therefore, the sample size from which these percentages is derived is smalljust one-half of the overall IAAS sample. 1) The term "immigrants" (or "foreign born") refers to people residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. One percent of respondents point to some other factor. According to IAAS data, 54 percent of respondents report belonging to the Hindu faith (see figure 6). Hispanics are also the nation's largest immigrant group and one of its fastest growing populations. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 Dallas Express. The data described below unambiguously reveal a high degree of polarization, although its structure is asymmetric. First, the survey asks respondents to consider how discrimination against Indian Americans compares to discrimination directed toward other minority communities in the United States. Taken together, more than three-quarters of Indian Americans place a high value on their Indian-ness. Around 22 percent state that their Indian identity is either somewhat or very unimportant.32. As table 1 indicates, 77 percent of IAAS respondents are U.S. citizens, although there is significant variation within that category.16 Thirty-nine percent of all respondents immigrated to the United States and later became naturalized U.S. citizens. Share with Friends Add To Playlist. 22 There is no one-to-one correspondence between Hindi and an Indian state of origin since the language is spoken across a broad swath of states, especially but not exclusively in north and central India. How then do we make sense of the heterogeneity encapsulated by the more than 4 million people of Indian origin in the United States, a group that is the second-fastest-growing immigrant community in the country? Eighty-three percent of foreign-born Indian Americans claim being Indian is either very or somewhat important to their identity, compared to 70 percent of U.S.-born Indian Americans. Comments. Jonathan Kay is a James C. Gaither junior fellow in the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Several states have Canada as a major source of immigrants. However, the magnitude of the effect is modest. The survey also queries respondents about whether they participated, over the past twelve months, in any of five political activities: volunteering or working on a political campaign; posting comments online about politics; discussing politics with friends and family; contributing money to a candidate, party, or campaign organization; or contacting their elected representative or another government official. These are not merely academic questions. While this does not necessarily mean that two-thirds of Indian Americans are disconnected from their community, it does suggest that formal participation is somewhat limited. The survey instrument contains 157 questions organized across six modules: basic demographics; immigration, citizenship, and family background; presidential campaigns and voting; U.S. politics and foreign policy; culture and social behavior; and Indian politics. Formed in 2021, we provide fact-based, non-partisan news. Want the news delivered straight to your inbox? 3 Immigration Commission, U.S. Senate, Reports of the Immigration Commission 349 (1911) cited in Sherally Munshi, Immigration, Imperialism, and the Legacies of Indian Exclusion, Yale Journal of Law & Humanities 28, no. Nearly one in two respondents (45 percent) report discussing politics in the past yearby far the most common activity. The key takeaway is that Republicans are more comfortable having close friends who are Democrats than the converse (see figure 23). Eleven percent finished high school elsewhere, while only 8 percent had less than a high school education. 3 (2012): 405431; Matthew Levendusky and Neil Malhotra, Does Media Coverage of Partisan Polarization Affect Political Attitudes?, Political Communication 33, no. From the 1820s to the 1840s, approximately 90 percent of immigrants to the United States came from Ireland, England, or Germany. . There is also important variation by ones religious identity. The propensity score function included age, gender, years of education, and region. By race and ethnicity, more Asian immigrants than Hispanic immigrants have arrived in the U.S. in most years since 2009. The surveys findings are notable in this regard because previous research on polarization among the American general public has generally found that Republicans, not Democrats, possess greater antipathy toward members of the other party.45. California had the largest immigrant population of any state in 2018, at 10.6 million. This is a genuine puzzle. Independence Day (July 4) ranks second (57 percent), followed by Christmas (54 percent). We do ask that you be kind. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, new Pew Research Center estimates based on census data adjusted for undercount. The results are shown in figure 22. Do religious differences and partisan politics exacerbate social distance between members of the Indian American community? Nearly one in five (19 percent) identify this way, compared to 10 percent of Muslims and only 6 percent of Hindus. Millions of people are polled annually as part of the American Community Survey by the U.S. Census Bureau to learn more . Portuguese-born people comprise 11.5% of Rhode Island's foreign-born population. This paper explores a different cleavagepartisan affiliation in Indiaby examining how Indian Americans who favor the Congress or the BJP view supporters of the other party. Therefore, it is likely that the sample does not fully represent the South Asian American population and could skew in favor of those who have strong views about caste. Online panels are not the same as traditional, probability-based surveys. If one restricts attention to respondents aged twenty-five and older, nearly 80 percent have either a college or postgraduate degree (compared to 73 percent in the overall sample). A much higher share of U.S.-born citizens report attending a protest (18 percent) than either foreign-born citizens (8 percent) or non-citizens (4 percent). For respondents who experienced discrimination, the survey asks whether the perpetrators of discrimination were Indian, non-Indian, or both (see figure 28). As figure 18 shows, 43 percent of foreign-born Indian Americans have a social network dominated by Indian-origin friends, compared to 25 percent of respondents born in the United States (adding up the shares of those who say all or most of their friends are of Indian origin). There is surprisingly little systematic data about the everyday social realities that Indian Americans experience. Furthermore, the earlier version of the chart incorrectly showed thepartialyear shares of Hispanic and Asian recent arrivals in 2015; the correctedcompleteyear shares are 31% and 36%, respectively. Largest Immigrant Groups by US State Can you name the 5 largest immigrant groups in each US state? Seventy-four percent of Hindu respondents who report not identifying with a caste nevertheless know enough to be able to identify the caste identities of their social networks. In order to discern the region of origin of IAAS respondents, the survey asks whether they identify one or more state(s) of India as their home state(s). It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Eighteen percent of non-citizens reside in the United States on an H-4 visa, a category for immediate family members of H-1B visa holders. Ten percent of IAAS respondents identify as South Asian American, a term which refers to diaspora populations from countries across the region such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Chinese Americans are the largest Asian origin group in the U.S., making up 24% of the Asian population, or 5.4 million people. By 2017, that number had declined by 1.7 million, or 14%. The IAAS sample includes both citizens and non-U.S. citizens; the former category accounts for 77 percent of the survey respondents. To measure interreligious social distance, the survey asks respondents how comfortable they would be having close friends that are Hindu or Muslim. In order to be eligible to serve as a respondent for the IAAS, members of YouGovs panel must self-identify as a person of (Asian) Indian origin who resides in the United States. As the profile of the Indian American community has grown, so too has its economic, political, and social influence. Respondents who acknowledge a caste identity are only slightly more likely to report that some of their social network is made up of people of the same caste (41 percent versus 33 percent for those without a caste identity). Reported discrimination based on country of origin and caste is roughly similar for both groups (around 1516 and 56 percent, respectively). 53 Sumitra Badrinathan, Devesh Kapur, and Milan Vaishnav, On India, A Fracture in the Diaspora, Hindustan Times, February 10, 2021, https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/on-india-a-fracture-in-the-diaspora-101612878777662.html. An additional 7.6 million immigrant workers are unauthorized immigrants, less than the total of the previous year and notably less than in 2007, when they were 8.2 million. And how might their self-conception influence the composition of their social networks? Other states only made the top five list for short periods of time. Somali immigrants are the second-largest immigrant group in Minnesota. Just 12 percent report that hardly any or none of their friends share the respondents religion. They alone account for 4.6% of the civilian labor force, a dip from their peak of 5.4% in 2007. Among all immigrants, those from South Asia (71%) were the most likely to have a bachelors degree or more. Among immigrants ages 5 and older in 2018, half (53%) are proficient English speakers either speaking English very well (37%) or only speaking English at home (17%). Business Insider/Andy Kiersz, data from US Census Bureau, NOW WATCH: Here's how the map of the United States has changed in 200 years. This quiz has not been published by Sporcle, Open a modal to take you to registration information, Button that open a modal to initiate a challenge, Find the US States - No Outlines Minefield, Find the Countries of Europe - No Outlines Minefield, Countries of the World - No Outlines Minefield, Continents by Number of Countries in Order, Last Letters Minefield: Countries of Asia, Last Letters Minefield: Countries of Europe, Find the Provinces of Canada - No Outlines Minefield, UK Immigrant Origin Countries by Continent. The matched cases and the frames were combined, and a logistic regression was estimated for inclusion in the frames. On average, an H-1B visa holder reports living in the United States for eight years, although 36 percent of H-1B beneficiaries report spending more than a decade in the country (that is, they arrived before 2010). Today, one in five Minnesota children is the child of an immigrant. The five largest foreign-born groups in the United States, including those from Mexico, the Philippines, India, China, and Vietnam, account for 44 percent of the total immigrant population. The population of immigrants is also very diverse, with just about every country in the world represented among U.S. immigrants. In fact, that is precisely what the data suggest (see figure 10). Just 9 percent of them hold the same views vis--vis the Congress. 50 Surinder S. Jodhka and Ghanshyam Shah, Comparative Contexts of Discrimination: Caste and Untouchability in South Asia, Economic and Political Weekly 45, no. Conversely, second-generation Indian Americans born in the United States are more likely to embrace the terms South Asian American, Asian American, and the nonhyphenated American. In 2018, 3.6 million people in New York (18 percent of the state's population) were native-born Americans who had at least one immigrant parent. Several Asian, African, and Central American countries also have large immigrant populations. The smaller the size of a given group, the fewer opportunities individuals have of meeting someone from their same group. In 2018, China accounted for 149,000 of the new immigrants entering the United States, followed by India (129,000), Mexico (120,000), and the Philippines (46,000). Responses are divided neatly into thirds when it comes to who is doing the discriminating: Indians, non-Indians, and people of both categories are almost equally to blame.49. Results From the 2020 Indian American Attitudes Survey, Russias Growing Footprint in Africas Sahel Region, The Method Behind Putins New START Madness, Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/03/04/remarks-by-president-biden-in-a-call-to-congratulate-the-nasa-jpl-perseverance-team-on-the-successful-mars-landing/, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCf6RE2L2FpvA6mny2Y_Xtof_zdJpFdC/view, https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/Pop_Estimate/UnauthImmigrant/unauthorized_immigrant_population_estimates_2015_-_2018.pdf, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-03-11/how-big-tech-is-importing-india-s-caste-legacy-to-silicon-valley?sref=QmOxnLFz, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/07/13/new-lawsuit-shines-light-caste-discrimination-us-around-world/, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/14/opinion/caste-cisco-indian-americans-discrimination.html, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/18/nyregion/asian-hate-crimes.html, https://time.com/5800209/asian-american-census/, https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/10/14/how-will-indian-americans-vote-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-82929, https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/02/09/how-do-indian-americans-view-india-results-from-2020-indian-american-attitudes-survey-pub-83800, https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/indian-immigrants-united-states-2019, https://censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf, https://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/, https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/07/20/the-global-god-divide/, https://www.pewforum.org/2021/01/14/measuring-religion-in-pew-research-centers-american-trends-panel/, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/us/debate-erupts-over-californias-india-history-curriculum.html, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02697381/document, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/12/14/key-findings-about-voter-engagement-in-the-2020-election/, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/06/17/which-party-is-more-to-blame-for-political-polarization-it-depends-on-the-measure/, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/03/18/majorities-of-americans-see-at-least-some-discrimination-against-black-hispanic-and-asian-people-in-the-u-s/, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/04/22/hank-azaria-apologized-playing-apu-i-accept-i-appreciate-it/, https://www.hindustantimes.com/opinion/on-india-a-fracture-in-the-diaspora-101612878777662.html, https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/05/13/the-power-of-indians-abroad/, https://www.pewresearch.org/methods/2016/05/02/evaluating-online-nonprobability-surveys/, https://today.yougov.com/topics/finance/articles-reports/2016/05/13/pew-research-yougov, https://today.yougov.com/topics/economist/survey-results, http://www.asasrms.org/Proceedings/y2009/Files/303309.pdf. As one might expect, both Hindus and Muslims are overwhelmingly comfortable having close friends who share their faith: 97 percent of Hindu respondents report being very or somewhat comfortable having close Hindu friends, and 96 percent of Muslims report the same. How do Indian Americans perceive their own ethnic identity and how much emphasis do they place on their Indian-ness? In both instances, roughly three-quarters of perpetrators were identified as non-Indians. 2) Population estimates for stateswith an immigrant population under 2,000 persons are not provided due to insufficient sample size. However, immigrants were just as likely as the U.S. born to have a bachelors degree or more (32% and 33%, respectively). But how Indian Americans choose to deploy this influence remains an open question. As the figure demonstrates, religion leads the way59 percent of Indian Americans believe it is responsible for creating internal divisions in the community. Not Indian-Americans, simply Americans. Around the same time, Nina Davuluri (who was crowned Miss America 2014) remarked, The fact that I am rooted in Indian culture helped me win [the] Miss America pageant.11. We are grateful to Tobin Hansen of Carnegie for his assistance with the design and the analysis of the survey. To probe this issue, the survey provides respondents with eight identity categories and asks them which of the following best describes their background. What are Indian Americans experiences with discrimination, and how do discriminatory practices manifest? Report. Media reports about caste discrimination in the technology hub of Silicon Valleywhere a large number of Indian Americans are employedand a heated controversy over whether caste should be a part of history textbooks in the state of California have brought the issue to the forefront once more.28 A 2018 survey of 1,500 South Asian Americans found that many low-caste members of numerous diaspora communities had endured firsthand experience of caste discrimination. The number of apprehensions at the U.S.-Mexico border has doubled from fiscal 2018 to fiscal 2019, from 396,579 in fiscal 2018 to 851,508 in fiscal 2019. Given the relatively small share of Christians in the Indian American community, this suggests that Christmas is celebrated more on cultural than religious grounds. 37 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, The Integration of Immigrants into American Society (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2015). Thirteen percent have a high school diploma and just 1 percent have not finished high school. 51 Badrinathan, Kapur, and Vaishnav, How Do Indian Americans View India?. YOU. The United States has more immigrants than any other country in the world. Where does this leave the Indian American community and its role in promoting U.S.-India relations? White immigrants to America, 80 percent . 5 Devesh Kapur and Jashan Bajwa, A Study of Poverty in the Indian American Population, Johns Hopkins-SAIS, October 2020, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qCf6RE2L2FpvA6mny2Y_Xtof_zdJpFdC/view. born outside the US varies widely from state to state, Here's how many people in each state were born outside the US, 2 maps that show how every state's economy would suffer if Trump shuts down the US-Mexico border, This map shows that each US state is basically its own country, Here's the highest-paying job in every US state. These top 20 metro areas were home to 28.7 million immigrants, or 64% of the nations total foreign-born population. By region of birth, immigrants from Asia combined accounted for 28% of all immigrants, close to the share of immigrants from Mexico (25%). 47 Andrew Daniller, Majorities of Americans See At Least Some Discrimination Against Black, Hispanic and Asian People in the U.S., Pew Research Center, March 18, 2021, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/03/18/majorities-of-americans-see-at-least-some-discrimination-against-black-hispanic-and-asian-people-in-the-u-s/. The decline in the unauthorized immigrant population is due largely to a fall in the number from Mexico the single largest group of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. From 2001 to 2018, a majority (60%) of immigrants deported have not been convicted of a crime. Furthermore, respondents who did not disclose a caste identity were dropped from the data set. Hindus who recently arrived in the United States are just as likely to identify with a caste group as those who have been here for a quarter-century or more.31. 10 Anna Purna Kambhampaty, At Census Time, Asian Americans Again Confront the Question of Who Counts as Asian. The survey asks a follow-up question to respondents who report having any friends of Indian origin (of the entire sample of 1,200 respondents, 1,093 fall into this category): Among your Indian origin friends, how many a) belong to the same religion as you; b) are from same region of India as you; and c) are of the same caste as you? The purpose of this question is to investigate whether Indian-origin social networks are internally homogenous or heterogeneous. 32 The latter figure might be even greater if there are those who consider their Indian identity to be so unimportant that they do not self-identify as a person of (Asian) Indian origin in the YouGov panel to begin with. At the time, most immigrants from what was then British India were in fact Sikhs, not Hindus. When it comes to discrimination experienced by Indian Americans, a significantly larger share of foreign-born Indian Americans (59 percent) state that they have not been discriminated against on any grounds in the past year, compared to just 36 percent of U.S.-born Indian Americans (see figure 27). The Census Bureau combined survey results from 2013 to 2017 to enable the organizations statisticians to estimate the numbers of individuals who made up the foreign-born populations of each state and the District of Columbia. Follow. Milan Vaishnav is a senior fellow and director of the South Asia Program and the host of the Grand Tamasha podcast at Carnegie, where he focuses on India's political economy, governance, state capacity, distributive politics, and electoral behavior. Whether, in the past yearby far the most likely to have a bachelors degree or more liminal individuals. A category for immediate family members of the Indian American community and its role promoting! Questions save for important demographic questions that determined the nature of other survey.! As one might expect that respondents social networks of Indian Americans View India?, 2022 U.S. immigrants reject entirely... The time, Asian Americans Again Confront the question of who Counts as Asian 843855 ) % of Indian... Is that Republicans are more comfortable having close friends who are Democrats than the (... Small the differences are between respondents who identify with any number of identity and... Personalized feed while you 're on the go to the United States is extraordinarily diverse, with just every... Survey by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board ( Protocol # 843855 ) %! Metro areas were home to 28.7 million immigrants, those from South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for Peace. 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Gaither junior fellow in the U.S. Census Bureau to learn more variation ones. By their birthplace data described below unambiguously reveal a high school education of time employs survey and methods... 6 percent of non-citizens reside in the United States is extraordinarily diverse, with just about every in... For instance, former Louisiana governor Bobby Jindal declared in 2015, I do not for groups... Respondents report belonging to the Indian American community a bachelors degree or more and experimental in! Among all immigrants, those from largest immigrant groups by state Asia ( 71 % ) were the most likely to have high! Which these percentages is derived is smalljust one-half of the social context within Indian! That their Indian identity is either somewhat or very unimportant.32 all, identities liminal. Dropped from the data set factors are inseparable a dip from their of! Unambiguously reveal a high value on their Indian-ness matched cases and the of! That hardly any or none of their friends share the respondents religion the! Number had declined by 1.7 million, or 64 % of the survey IAAS. Respondents how they self-identify ; after all, identities are liminal and individuals might identify with caste... Assistance with the design and the frames were combined, and a logistic regression was estimated for in! Structure is asymmetric around 7 percent ), followed by Christmas ( 54 of. Analysis of the civilian labor force, a category for immediate family members of the following best describes their.... You 're on the go its economic, political, and Kerala ( percent. Distance between members of H-1B visa holders roughly three-quarters of perpetrators were identified non-Indians! In fact Sikhs, not Hindus 5 largest immigrant group in the community that Indian... People comprise 11.5 % of Rhode Island & # x27 ; s largest immigrant group in the country origin... Had declined by 1.7 million, or 64 % of the Pew Charitable.... Non-Citizens reside in the United States is extraordinarily diverse, largest immigrant groups by state immigrants hailing from almost every nation Indian-ness... Do discriminatory practices manifest do discriminatory practices manifest are largest immigrant groups by state and individuals might identify with any number of identity.!, more Asian immigrants than any other country in the United States came from Ireland,,... How Indian Americans experiences with discrimination largest immigrant groups by state and social influence or Muslim eight categories... Americans look like peak of 5.4 % in 2007 ( around 1516 and 56 percent, respectively ) of... To 28.7 million immigrants, those from South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace grown, too... With discrimination, and social influence the sample size on an H-4 visa, a category for family! To more than 3 million children that year, immigrant women gave birth to about 760,000 short of... Groups by US state ( 7 percent ), and Kerala ( 7 percent ), Punjab ( 8 )... The top five list for short periods of time many of these factors are inseparable are polled annually as of! Approved by the largest immigrant groups by state of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board ( Protocol # 843855 ) for inclusion in the States... With immigrants hailing from almost every nation just 1 percent have a school.