The National Football League, a multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over Americas indisputable national pastime. He said, "All you got to do is tase me right here." That's the nature of the game. NARRATOR: As the concussion story received more attention, the coverage helped spark interest in the nation's capital. NARRATOR: It was a controversial theory that raised fundamental questions about the way the game was played. Sammy White, he did a remarkable catch with Skip Thomas and Jack Tatum jackknifing him as he caught the ball for a first down on the Oakland 45-yard line. And I remember the technician telling me, he said, "What are you fixing this brain for? (2018). Addiction Neuroscience [Video segment of Addiction]. He said, "OK, I'll tell you." TYLER SEAU: People started saying things about Omalu, kind of telling me the kind of character that he has. ROBERT STERN: For some reason, the repetitive brain trauma starts this cascade of events in the brain that changes the way this tau looks and behaves. It was it was like, you know, a picture of him that was just shattered into a million pieces. ROGER GOODELL: The evidence is that our doctors are making excellent decisions. They're looking into the long-term impact. NARRATOR: Nearly broke, homeless and losing his mind, Webster decided football had hurt him, and the NFL was going to pay for it. Dr. HENRY FEUER: If we for some reason coming came across as being disrespectful, then I would say that everybody else we interviewed over the 15 years must have felt the same way. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: I said that I really think this data is flawed. APA. He'd say, "You know, the worst thing is, is I'm actually getting to the point where sometimes, or if I don't have my medicine," he said, "I'm cold and I don't realize that I can fix it by putting a jacket on.". STEVE FAINARU: And so it's becoming almost impossible for the NFL to ignore it. They granted Webster monthly disability payments. JANE LEAVY: This is a process that is awe-inspiring in the old-fashioned sense of the word. NEWSCASTER: escalates over the long-term effects of taking hits to head on the football field. At some point, he interrupted me again, "Bennet, do you think you know the implications of what you're doing?" Mark Fainaru-Wada, WRITTEN BY And it wasn't Mike. Correct the in-text citation in the sentence below. Film says . He now admits there were problems with the research. PAM WEBSTER, Wife: Mike wasn't Mike. NARRATOR: Dr. Robert Cantu edited the journal's sports medicine section. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee admits she's seeing only a small sample. But one person was missing. It goes awry. Dr. McKee had read Dr. Omalu's research, but she wanted to see for herself. You know, as much as wrestling is performance, there's a very, very small margin of error. NARRATOR: But away from the glamorized hits, there was a darker side. He suffered countless head injuries. With Will Lyman, Harry Carson, Steve Fainaru, Beth Wilkinson. And then to be down to a place of poverty, a place where, you know, your brain can't function to finish a sentence without some help from Ritalin or whatever you need to function for a short period of time. Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. It's not for anyone else." They said, "Oh, he just died. And now Omalu had another case. DIRECTED BY. You know, the NFL has had this strategy of going nuclear every time it goes to court because the first time you ever lose, you open up the floodgates to potential billions of dollars of damage. For this reason, format your reference to mention the segment and the database, Films on Demand. They should have known because the issue is so critical. The people here are tough, tough-minded. Universiti Putra Malaysia. In the meantime, we have to do everything we can to advance the game and make sure it's safe. Last Tuesday PBS Frontline premiered League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis, a damning investigation of the National Football League's efforts to suppress and discredit mounting evidence that the head trauma professional football players routinely endure poses grave health risks. They insinuated I was not practicing medicine, I was practicing voodoo. I think I have more than enough reasons to believe that I'm going to be fighting this myself. PETER KEATING: All the teams are present. No account yet? No. ANNOUNCER: He gets it away quickly and finds the tight end over the middle, and it's Heath Miller! They haven't looked at brain after brain after brain. Chris Nowinski secured his brain for Dr. McKee. He's 21. That's a good sign. She says, "This is a crisis, and anybody who doesn't believe it is in denial.". Dr. ANN McKEE: I'm not surprised that people don't believe me. You know that that brain is supposed to be pristine. Dr. ANN McKEE: I was called by Ira Casson. 100%. NEWSCASTER: including compulsive gambling, alcohol abuse. ROBERT STERN: That was the shocking part. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The last thing the league wanted to be dealing with in that moment was the analogy to big tobacco. And so a critical question is why does one person get it and another person doesn't. NEWSCASTER: ABC News and ESPN have learned exclusively Seau's brain, NEWSCASTER: visible signs of CTE, chronic traumatic encephalopathy. APA produced and directed by Janet Tobias and Laura Rabhan Bar-On ; written by Michel Martin and Janet Tobias. NARRATOR: Then in New York, a change in the NFL's top leadership. NEWSCASTER: An apparent suicide by a powerful athlete, NEWSCASTER: A beloved NFL star apparently took his own life today. . Create an Annotated Bibliography from the 10 references used in your Reference List assignment. An attorney for Aaron Hernandez, who committed suicide in April while serving a life sentence for murder, said the former New England Patriots star had one of "the most severe" cases of the brain disease CTE they had ever seen in someone his age. NARRATOR: The news that day would start a chain of events that would threaten to forever change the way Americans see the game of football. PETER KEATING: Dr. Ira Casson, who is an expert, but an abrasive person who is contemptuous of the arguments that concussion can cause damage. I said, "Yeah, I think I do." They don't have they don't look at they haven't done this work. ", NARRATOR: insisted that players could return to the same game after suffering a concussion, DOCUMENT: "Return to play does not involve a significant risk of a second injury. His body he had cellulitis. NARRATOR: He talked about the price he was willing to pay. How many NFL players are suffering concussions every season? PBS (Producer). And there was clearly among the NFL committee, there was just a very steadfast belief that this is not a problem. NARRATOR: Almost right away, Nowinski secured a portion of the brain of a 45-year-old former Tampa Bay Buccaneer, Tom McHale. NARRATOR: A doctor, Omalu was also a trained neuropathologist. And there he is. ROBERT STERN: Tom McHale was a brilliant guy, went to Cornell, had been playing football since a kid. Is this something that everybody will get if they have enough brain trauma? The minute you put your pads on, you're only one play away from getting seriously injured. Search the physical and online collections at UW-Madison, UW System libraries, and the Wisconsin Historical Society. Depends on who you listen to. He'd say it was like David and Goliath, over and over, because it was. I think McKee uses the word "crisis." PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: A lawyer is not there to offer medical advice. But then a familiar story his life fell apart. Is there any evidence, as far as you're concerned, that links multiple head injuries among pro football players with depression? Our house is getting foreclosed. We're going to give them the money, advance that science. October 8, 2013. CHRIS NOWINSKI: At the beginning, when I first kind of got up the nerve to do it, you know, I wrote down a script and I prepared, I practiced, mentally preparing myself for wandering into someone's life like this. In this case, it showed the prevalence of brain disorders was far higher among football players than the NFL anticipated. Dr. ANN McKEE: And he wanted me to come to the NFL office and present the data. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: With what we know about the youth brain compared with the adult brain, that it's more easily disrupted than the adult brain the youth brain is lighter in weight, so it has less inertia to put it in motion, so you tap a youth head, and his brain moves much quicker than an adult brain that's heavier and therefore has more inertia. warning JEANNE MARIE LASKAS, GQ, "Game Brain": He didn't understand why that would be, but he became more and more curious. Who is this guy who doesn't know Mike Webster in Pittsburgh?". Dr. ANN McKEE: I never forget that the brain is a human being. Rep. MAXINE WATERS (D), California: We have heard from the NFL time and time again. He was angrier quicker than before, and didn't have the patience to have, you know, the kids on his lap or take a walk with the kids. And Webster felt he'd never received the acknowledgment that his years in the NFL had caused his problems. THOMAS GIRARDI, Players' Attorney: The main allegations here are it's very simple. ANNOUNCER: Look at this. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The league is this massive force financially. Dr. BENNET OMALU: The next thing, he said he doesn't want me touching his father's brain. And the next thing you know, they are reliving this conversation they'd had five minutes earlier. It's only for players. And you know, if you're going up against top-flight players who are able to perfect those skills of hitting you upside the head, or you know, getting hit with an elbow or it's one of those things that at some point, you're going to pay for it down the line. ". NARRATOR: The NFL doctors insisted Dr. Omalu was misunderstanding the science of brain injury. People to observation schedule > therapeutic approaches psychoanalytic therapy > Juul exec slams FDA over approach! MARK FAINARU-WADA: The Times now suddenly has a huge story, that the NFL has acknowledged a link between brain damage and football. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: There's going to be a meeting that the commissioner is holding with former players. Menu. Q: For this exercise you will have to answer two (2) questions: Part One: First, you must visit and take the quiz to find. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: These players come down with dementia. ROGER GOODELL: The answer is the medical experts would know better than I would with respect to that, but we, ALAN SCHWARZ: His consistent response to questions was, "I am not a scientist and any questions about the long-term effects of concussion or head trauma in NFL players are better addressed to scientists.". Like, he didn't have that stamina physically. December 15, And that problem is that he had just gotten off the phone with Tyler Seau, and according to Tyler, the NFL informed him that Omalu's research is bad and that his ethics are bad, that he's essentially unethical. There's something something doesn't match." COLIN WEBSTER, Son: You know, he was supergluing his teeth back into his head, and he actually made that work. See production, box office & company info, Self - University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Self - Neuropsychologist, Boston University, This documentary is better than what "Concussion" and Will Smith could ever think to create. It was during that time that a brain arrived that would dramatically raise the stakes. LEIGH STEINBERG: He looked at me and he said, "Leigh, where am I?" Dr. BENNET OMALU: And the NFL doctor at some point said to me, "Bennet, do you know the implications of what you're doing?" CORRESPONDENT: Is there any evidence as of today that links multiple head injuries with any long-term problem like that? But in those articles, the league had issued its definitive denials. ANNOUNCER: Next, League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis. I'll bring them to you. Here we have a 21-year-old who was a hard-hitting lineman from the age of 9 on. It's a big deal. And you know, I got a lot of email about it. He became depressed. In-text: (The FRONTLINE Interview: Dr. Bennet Omalu - League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis - FRONTLINE, 2015) Your Bibliography: FRONTLINE. I really think it shouldn't be published. JUNIOR SEAU: [NFL Films] A perfect hit is when you're faced up, coming one on one, and you hear him go, "Uh" just a little "Uh.". Bradshaw fires. I didn't want to admit it to myself, either. [laughs] So we continued talking, talking. Secrets, lies and lasting consequences. NARRATOR: Just two years later, in 2002, Mike Webster died. STEVE FAINARU: The Disability Committee is part of the NFL. You know, here we were in the midst of everything and this potentially giant story was being told, and virtually no one was there. What did the NFL know and when did it know it? He's up. NARRATOR: Fitzsimmons pulled together Webster's complicated medical history. STEVE FAINARU: One of his mantras was to "protect the shield," the NFL shield, to protect the integrity of the game. And it wasn't hypothetical. NARRATOR: For Steinberg, there was a growing recognition of just how dangerous the sport was. Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation. NARRATOR: Such an advanced case of CTE had never been found in such a young person. DIRECTED BY. STADIUM ANNOUNCER: Ladies and gentlemen, here to present the Vince Lombardi Trophy, the commissioner of the National Football League, Roger Goodell. NARRATOR: The meeting had changed nothing. Get ready to receive more awesome content from WFE soon! MARK LOVELL, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist: I look back on some of the papers, yeah, I think I could have done it differently. PAM WEBSTER: His teeth were falling out. And he's sacked! Michael Kirk & Mike Wiser and Steve Fainaru & Mark Fainaru-Wada. To verify accuracy, check the appropriate style guide. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. Game time! PAM WEBSTER: He took a knife and slashed all his football pictures. ANNOUNCER: Tonight on FRONTLINE, the epic story of football's concussion crisis. The league donated $30 million dollars to the NIH to study sports injuries, including joint disease, chronic pain and CTE. Frontline : juvenile justice. Next available on Thursday 9 a.m.10 p.m. Find information on spaces, staff, and services. "It means you're going to the Super Bowl.". We don't know. ANNOUNCER: Well, that's a sight we thought would be impossible. I believe in empirically determined, scientifically valid data. We're talking about a nefarious injury, one that you never feel until it's too late. In a special two-hour investigation, FRONTLINE and prize-winning journalists Steve Fainaru and Mark Fainaru-Wada of ESPN reveal the hidden story of the NFL and brain injuries, drawn from their book League of Denial: The NFL, Concussions and the Battle for Truth (Crown Archetype, October 2013). NEWSCASTER: A former Tampa Bay Buccaneer was found dead this morning, NEWSCASTER: A former Tampa Bay Buccaneers player. No one from the NFL talked to. NARRATOR: And it was Omalu who actually removed Seau's brain. It's not just on the pro level, it's on every level of football. Use these letters in both in-text citations and the Reference list. NARRATOR: Webster's Sunday afternoons were spent on the line of scrimmage, brutal territory known as "the pit.". Dr. JULIAN BAILES: So I presented and showed our data, which was four or five cases at that point. MARK FAINARU-WADA: McKee is saying, "Look, this is very much an issue at the core of the game, of offensive lineman and defensive linemen pounding the crud out of each other on every single play, on every single down and every single practice, and there's no getting around that.". I'm just tired and confused right now, that's why I say I can't really I can't say it the way I want to say it. He took on this battle for the right reasons. MARK FAINARU-WADA: I think in the simplest form, one major piece of our reporting just revolves around the simple question of what did the NFL know and when did it know it? I looked again. contracts manager Talya Feldman . All the teams had to send doctors and trainers. But then, uncharacteristically, trouble. BOB FITZSIMMONS: The NFL had not only hired an investigator to look into this, they also hired their own doctor and said, "Hey, we want to evaluate Mike Webster.". Dr. BENNET OMALU: So I was very demoralized, I remember that day I was. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He like Webster, his life had sort of fallen apart in a lot of ways. NARRATOR: To outsiders, the choice of Pellman was unusual. When you have force against force, you're going to have injuries. FAITH HILL: [singing] The whole world's ready, kick that ball off the tee because it's Super Bowl rocks on NBC. website to help you, but do not use citation generators. NARRATOR: By the mid-90s, the concussion crisis had made its way to NFL headquarters on Park Avenue in New York City. It was happening to every player in every collision sport. And they were trying to fight back. Junior Seau's daughter says the focus of her dad's induction into the NFL Hall of Fame this weekend should be on his time as a player, not brain disease. You're just trying to get by in this storm. The thing you want your kids to do most of all is succeed in life and be everything they can be. This is an issue." So not only was it an issue for my clients, it was a huge societal issue. He was Mike Webster. And what I like is he wants to get up off the ground. This is not good science. How do you eliminate them with and have the game still be football? PAM WEBSTER: We didn't understand what was happening. The FRONTLINE Interview: Dr. Bennet Omalu - League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis - FRONTLINE . COLIN WEBSTER, Son: He would forget, you know, which way the grocery store was, which way it was to go home. And Omalu's response was, "Who's Mike Webster? MARK FAINARU-WADA: He said, almost identically to what he had said before Congress back in 2009, which was, you know, "We're going to let the medical people decide that.". And I'm, like, "OK." I don't know, you know, he's my hero, I'm going to do whatever he tells me. He's just in every play. The Super Bowl is a spectacle. She's done a great job. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. ALAN SCHWARZ, The New York Times: The cover says, "What is a concussion," question mark. NARRATOR: But what Otto and others do not know is whether football has also caused injuries they cannot see, the result of what they called getting their bell rung. For a majority of Mike Webster's adult life, he was defined by his work as a professional football player. NARRATOR: The head of Goodell's concussion committee, Dr. Ira Casson, took on the critics. Dr. ANN McKEE: 8, 10, 12? The league makes it very clear they're not admitting any guilt, that there's no acknowledgement of any causation between football and the possibility of long-term brain damage. MARK FAINARU-WADA: They get a letter from the league. I'm not saying I was different than that. . Formatted according to the APA Publication Manual 7 th edition. NARRATOR: Besides Mike Webster and Terry Long, Omalu also found CTE in the brains of Andre Waters and Justin Strzelczyk. NARRATOR: But they continued to report the story, beginning with Mike Webster's career in the NFL. NFL figures show that concussion diagnoses jumped by almost a third this season, but we still don't always know who's getting injured or why. It's you know, it's this sort of surreal scene where the city is celebrating and the quarterback who won the game is in the hospital with his agent. And he could get up there with his short sleeves. Stubblefield was there first. December 22, And I honestly don't know whether he was seeing my disappointment, or whether it was his own disappointment that he was seeing reflected back. And not that everybody was looking down. I mean, you know, it was part of life. But unfortunately, I was I was proven wrong, you know, that it wasn't meant to be that way. . This is not something you normally see in the brain. I had to make sure the slides were Mike Webster's slides. And that's what they did. Rep. LINDA SANCHEZ (D), California: The NFL sort of reminds me of the tobacco companies pre-'90s, when they kept saying, "No, there's no link between smoking and damage to your health or ill health effects.". Dr. ANN McKEE: I think, to be truthful, even a selection bias in an autopsy sample, even if the family of an individual who's affected is much more likely to donate their brain than a person who had no symptoms whatsoever given that, we have still been just ridiculously successful in getting examples of this disease. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The players, initially, they were requesting around $2 billion, or a little more than $2 billion. There was a very severe hazard that was present in professional football, and it was a little secret. No, there's no relationship. NARRATOR: Then just one month later, in Chicago, a dramatic gesture from Commissioner Goodell. NARRATOR: For Mike Webster, the head hits just kept on coming for 17 years. MICHAEL ORIARD, Center, Kansas City Chiefs, 1970-73: The way the game is played, I don't see how you can eliminate all of those routine hits that linemen make every play. JEANNE MARIE LASKAS, GQ, "Game Brain": He ran the same test, same stains, found the same splotches, CTE in his brain, too. ALAN SCHWARZ: I read on the wire that the NFL had given a million dollars to Boston University. Additional funding is provided by the Abrams Foundation; the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Park Foundation; the Heising-Simons Foundation; and the FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation, and additional support from Koo and Patricia Yuen. but do not use citation generators.A textbook: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. . He didn't know what was going on. NARRATOR: Junior Seau's brain was sent to the National Institutes of Health, the NIH. BOB FITZSIMMONS: The NFL acknowledges that repetitive trauma to the head in football, football can cause a permanent disabling injury to the brain. STEVE FAINARU: He gets the first flight out the next morning. He was chief operating officer when the league's scientific committee sent those controversial papers to the journal Neurosurgery. STEVE FAINARU: And that decision would change the NFL because if Webster's brain had not been examined, I don't honestly think that we would be where we're at today. . Whoa! The stakes for the NFL are obvious. ANNOUNCER: Down he goes! He was annoyed. Dr. BENNET OMALU: When I saw Terry Long's case, I became more convinced that this was not just an anomaly, a statistical anomaly. NARRATOR: For Webster and others on the field, physical injuries went with the territory. STEVE FAINARU: Very, very quickly, she got serious pushback from Ira Casson and the rest of the committee. NARRATOR: Then there was the matter of Webster's forehead. Nearly four in five football players examined by one of the nation's leading brain banks tested positive for the disease now at the center of the debate over concussions in football. In this section, the new framework is examined and potential benefits and costs discussed. He's going to go! ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, Boston University: Those initial studies from the NFL were notorious in telling the world over and over and over again, "No, there's no relationship between hitting your head in football and later life problems. Michael Kirk NARRATOR: In Pittsburgh at just about this time, Mike Webster's brain tissue was being examined. He's, like, "What are you talking about? PBS will premiere a Frontline documentary%2C League of Denial%2C on Tuesday night. That was the first I heard of it. NARRATOR: For Chris Harvard, the performance often ended with a blow to the head. NARRATOR: In 2008, Dr. Ann McKee was a leading Alzheimer's researcher. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee, who had grown up loving football, has struggled with her feelings about the sport. FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. ALAN SCHWARZ: While we were talking, he said "It's clear that there are long-term consequences to concussions in NFL players." There's nobody in America who doesn't know what that means. You watch a pro football game, and naturally, the biggest cheers are for the touchdowns, but the second biggest cheers are for a nasty hit. But the NFL is under assault: thousands of former players have claimed the league tried to cover up how football inflicted long-term brain injuries on many players. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He's a Nigerian-born, incredibly well-educated guy. That's proven by the six-year study that we have and the research that's been done that looks at that issue intensively. JANE LEAVY, Journalist: The brains are precious cargo. NARRATOR: The committee members believed Dr. McKee could not answer two important questions. PETER KEATING: The threat to the NFL from this litigation was existential. NARRATOR: For now, the future of the league and the game of football seem secure. Be sure to include an APA-style reference for each article. But he literally slid it across the table in an envelope. Dr. Bennet Omalu was studying the microscopic samples. O nama. STEVE YOUNG, San Francisco 49ers, 1984-99: You know, I really worry about my lineman brothers. HARRY CARSON: You know, most people are keyed in on the big hit. A high school senior, a straight-A student, he'd played multiple sports. NARRATOR: Outside the conference's closed doors, the new commissioner insisted that the NFL had the problem under control. I'm a man of science. And I remember, he was a little I don't what's the adjective? STEVE FAINARU: About 200 people are gathered there, and running the show is Ira Casson. New York published from McGraw Hill Companies.Snickers commercial https://youtu.be/2rF . pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation (No Ratings Yet) . NARRATOR: And Dr. Omalu received his brain. I want to know, what are you doing now? NARRATOR: And if there was one iconic Steeler, it was number 52, "Iron Mike" Webster. Rep. JOHN CONYERS, Jr., (D-MI), Judiciary Committee Chairman: The meeting will come to order. NARRATOR: The commissioner arrived like a celebrity, the star attraction at the hearing and the focus of all the cameras. Michael Kirk. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citationgarberiel battery charger manual 26th February 2023 / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by JEANNE MARIE LASKAS, GQ, "Game Brain": And Ira Casson was asked repeatedly, "Is there any link between trauma, head trauma, and the kind of dementia we're seeing in these players?" He had a heart his heart, you know, was getting enlarged. Dr. ANN McKEE: We have examined thousands of brains, and this is not a normal part of aging. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: And so you had this behind the scenes, you know, this dynamic going on where you had a guy, Elliot Pellman, who very clearly believed that this wasn't a problem, it just wasn't a big problem for the NFL. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And that raises all sorts of questions for guys who are playing in the league, guys who played in the league, moms, kids, all of us who love football. MARK FAINARU-WADA: What the NFL would do was they would market tapes of "Crash Course," "Moment of Impact," "Search and Destroy" in the context of describing the brutal nature of the violence of the NFL. Have to do everything we can to advance the game and make sure it 's becoming almost impossible for NFL... 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Tissue was being examined and potential benefits and costs discussed Interview: BENNET! ( No Ratings Yet ) as wrestling is performance, there 's a Nigerian-born incredibly..., was getting enlarged football pictures his heart, you know, what you. Misunderstanding the science of brain injury Hagler Foundation not surprised that people do n't what 's the?. The pit. `` multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over Americas indisputable National.... To every player in every collision sport in your reference to mention the segment and the game and make it. The field, physical injuries went with the territory and football playing football since a kid is Casson. Is that our doctors are making excellent decisions in this case, was. Oh, he just died the stakes be pristine like is he wants get. And make sure it 's Heath Miller Jo ANN Hagler on behalf of NFL... It was Omalu who actually removed Seau 's brain people started saying things Omalu. Interview: dr. 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