4. Three smaller peninsulasIberia, Italy, and the Balkansemerge from the southern margin of the mainland. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. The Republic of Ireland occupies 80 percent of this landmass, while a large chunk of land in the north, called Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom.All together, the island of Ireland is made up of 32 counties. It covers an area of 357,022 km2 (137,847 sq mi). Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with inland penetration by means of navigable rivers. Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. Reindeer herding is still an important aspect of Sami culture, which continues to thrive in northern Scandinavia and Russias Kola Peninsula.Distinct physical features had a lasting impact on how European cultures communicated with each other. Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. Luxembourg is a small country located in the Low Countries, part of North-West Europe It borders Belgium for 148 kilometres (92 miles) to the west and north, France (73 km [45 mi]) to the south, and Germany (138 km [86 mi]) to the east. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). Here are 21 things about this amazing continent that may just surprise you. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. The Netherlands is a country located in Northwestern Europe. In fact, many developing nations argued that the Copenhagen Accord was drafted by a small group of powerful countries and unfairly disadvantages poorer countries, many of which are expected to suffer the worst effects of climate change.The ageing of Europes population is also expected to dramatically affect the continents social, political, and financial future. These physical features allowed for early communication, travel, and agricultural development. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. Examination of Turkey's topographic structure on a physical map of the world shows clearly the . Glaciers are found in a surprisingly large number of European countries, including Iceland, Norway, Spain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Germany. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. By the 7th and 8th centuries, Sweden was known for its trade but in the 9th century, the Vikings raided the region and much of Europe. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The highest elevations and the most rugged relief of the European continent are found farther south, where the structures of the Cenozoic orogeny (i.e., from the past 66 million years) provide mountain scenery. Projects are meant to stay a part of the city after 2011some pieces of sculpture may be used for athletics, for instance. Bitte aktivieren Sie JavaScript. The Kimmel Falls are in Hohe Tauen National Park and are one of Austrias most visited tourist attractions. 3. Europes largest and longest river is the Volga. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. Only Oceania has less landmass. It has been somewhat problematical to pin down the biggest glacier in Europe because biggest is open to interpretation of length, depth and width, plus they can change quite dramatically in a short space of time. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. Europe occupies some 4 million square miles (10 million square km) within the conventional borders assigned to it. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact [email protected] for more information and to obtain a license. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. The European Union has established the Schengen Areaa zone where Europeans can travel from country to country without having to show their passports. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern partthat is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russias Caspian Sea coastin Asia. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. Ireland is an island nation on the westernmost edge of Europe. The well-watered plateaus give rise to many rivers and are well adapted to pastoral farming. It was a barbarian worldthat is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making bar-bar noises in unintelligible tongues. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. Today, this is the German-speaking region of the country.Around this same time, Roman conquerors took over present-day southern Switzerland. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. Europe is home to two countries that are completely landlocked by Italy. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. In many places, including the Mediterranean and North seas, waters have been overfished. The western boundary is the Atlantic Ocean. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. The cold water surrounding northern Britain and Scandinavia is home to unique species of cold-water corals. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. 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